I'll preface this by saying I have HSV 1. That's the type of herpes usually seen on the face (cold sores) and the one that 6 out of 10 people in the UK have. I caught it from a regular partner who gets cold sores. Approximately 1 in 10 people have HSV 2. (The one usually seen genitally). The majority of people with HSV 2 don't know they have it because they have antibodies from having cold sores (HSV 1) in childhood so don't show symptoms.
HSV 1 genitally is the second best combination of location and type you can get. HSV 2 on the face is the best (the chance of you passing it on is pretty much theoretical). Herpes doesn't like to be in its non dominant location (HSV 1 likes to live on the face and HSV 2 likes to live on the genitals). As my herpes is type 1, I have had one outbreak (the initial one) and will probably never have another one. As you can see from this infographic https://herpesopportunity.com/downloads/herpes-opportunity-disclosure-handout.pdf HSV 1 sheds three times more from the face than from the genitals. Why is it then that people with genital herpes are expected to disclose but not those with oral herpes?
Before I got herpes I was aware lots of people got cold sores as children. Did I expect my sexual partners to let me know if they'd ever had a cold sore? No. If I was to expect them to, would it be before we kissed since that's the most likely time they would pass it to me? How many people honestly tell people they have had a cold sore before they kiss someone? As 1 in 10 people have HSV 2 and 6 in 10 have HSV 1, I had to assume I was coming into contact with people who had herpes. And, as most people with HSV2 are asymptomatic carriers, I had to assume I was potentially coming in to contact with people who had HSV 2 but didn't know it. They could not disclose even if they wanted to as they weren't aware they had it.
Essentially, if you are kissing or having any type of sexual contact with someone, it is more likely than not that they have herpes and you are at risk of contracting it. It is also more likely than not that you do too. Just think about that.
The good news is that herpes is a minor skin condition. I've had UTIs and thrush that were far worse. The worst thing about herpes is the stigma, which, you might be interested to know, is a very new thing and emerged as a way to market antiviral medication http://herpes.org.uk/stigma/
Now on to the decision to disclose....
When I had my outbreak, I told me partner. He apologised for giving it to me and I said, he didn't need to be since there is always a risk when you have sex and I take responsibility for my choices. I have since had sex with a couple of people and didn't tell them because I was blackout drunk and don't even remember having sex with them (which is a whole different issue...). I felt guilty at first, but then I realised:
1) They probably already had herpes as a child and if they did, I couldn't give it to them because of my type.
2) They may be carriers of HSV but asymptomatic so either I couldn't infect them or they could infect me with HSV 2
3) It's a minor skin condition
4) The risk of me passing it on to them is around the same as a condom failing. If a condom fails, I get a baby or an abortion. If they get herpes, they get sore bits for a few days or a cold sore.
Should people tell? I think it's generally a good idea and I will tell future partners. I also won't have sex if I have an outbreak (although the chance I will is small). The thing that really gets to me is the double standard. People with cold sores often don't consider themselves to have herpes yet they are more likely to pass it on than people HSV 1 genitally. I actually casually told an ex fuck buddy that I have herpes and he started freaking out in case he had it. I explained I got it way after him and also asked if he had ever had a cold sore. He said yes. I told him he has the same type of herpes as me. He was not happy that I said he had herpes.
The nurse at the GUM clinic said not to bother telling casual partners. It's no worse than a cold and the risk of me passing it on is pretty much zero as I've never had another outbreak and it is in its non dominant location. If a person takes antiviral medication and uses a condom, the risk of them passing it on is negligible. The asymptomatic carrier however...
When more people have a virus than don't, realistically you've got to assume the person your sleeping with has it. Just like you have to assume the person you are sleeping with has HPV (which we don't test for yet can cause cervical cancer).
I think honesty is a good move, but I believe everyone is responsible for their own health and that means minimising risks (using barrier methods) and being aware of the fact even taking precautions won't remove all risks.
In summary: It's a bloody cold sore.